Can we currently and confidently assess the true burden of illness due to non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis?

Reply to the editorial: Can we currently and confidently assess the true burden of illness due to non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis? by S. van der Linden and M.A. Khan.

Burden of illness associated with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a multiperspective European cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) on patients and society based on real-world evidence from the Adelphi nr-axSpA Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and their patients in Germany, France, Spain, Italy and the UK. METHODS Physicians completed patient record forms for the next two patients consulting with n...

Tumor necrosis factor α inhibition in radiographic and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results from a large observational cohort.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the baseline characteristics of patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA; ankylosing spondylitis [AS]) and patients with nonradiographic axial SpA, to investigate determinants of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent prescription on the background of a nonrestrictive reimbursement policy, and to assess the response to TNF inhibition. METHODS We compa...

Extra-articular manifestations and burden of disease in patients with radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

OBJECTIVE Although the prevalence of peripheral and extra-articular disease in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been assessed in many studies, data on non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is scanty. The aim of this study was first, to compare radiographic-axSpA/AS (r-axSpA/AS) and nr-axSpA concerning peripheral arthritis and extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), and second, to as...

Challenges of diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis in North Africa and the Middle East: An expert consensus

Axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a spectrum of inflammatory disease with stages characterized by both nonradiographic and radiographic sacroiliitis. Nonradiographic axial SpA is associated with health-related quality-of-life impairment and may progress to ankylosing spondylitis. Axial SpA has a low prevalence in some countries in North Africa and the Middle East, and pooling of data and resourc...